Royal Navy Mapped 1825 Malden Trail On University of Hawaii West Oahu Campus

Royal Navy Mapped 1825 Malden Trail On University of Hawaii West Oahu Campus

By John Bond

The 1825 Malden Trails would be a really great visitor attraction with likely state and federal 

funding, as well as serve as a walking and bicycle path across the Ewa Plain from Fort Weaver 

Road to the campus of UH West Oahu and then on through Kapolei and the Leeward coast. It 

would be an historic, cultural and environmental preservation win-win for everyone...but right 

now they are on the verge of being bulldozed unless action isn't taken immediately!

The 1825 Malden Trails, mapped during an expedition of the British Royal Navy HMS Blonde to Oahu, showed the trail connections between various locations of native Hawaiian communities at the time of early Western contact.

Two routes of the trail run by the UH West Oahu campus which is located on former Ewa Sugar Plantation on the Ewa Plain. The plantation maintained a detailed sugar cane field map for many decades and fortunately most of the agricultural cane fields can still be seen from the air, especially using a GIS software tool like Google Earth.

Plotting the trail route was a matter of reviewing many older USGS maps and air photos taken by the US military that reveal where the oldest roads appeared. In reviewing the history of trails in the continental US, in most cases early trails were made by Indians migrating from place to place.

When Western settlers arrived trail scouts showed them the Indian trails to follow. Originally with ox drawn wagons, trails were improved for carriages, early automobiles, then becoming improved roads, etc.  

On the Ewa Plain there was one single land owner, James Campbell, who leased out the ancient coral reef plain to the Ewa Plantation Company. The plantation cane haul roads and railway network largely followed existing trail ways made by native Hawaiians. 

By overlaying the 1825 Malden Trails map, which was not made with the benefit of air photos or Google Earth, the best fit is made where the oldest main roads and plantation cane haul tracks appeared as the plantation expanded. They often ran side by side.

While not perfect, the 1825 Malden Trails shown below in a modern geographic context are the most likely ancient routes that could still be preserved as the traditional native Hawaiian rights of way under the Na Hele trail program. This should be done before it is too late. 

https://hawaiitrails.ehawaii.gov/info.php

The Honolulu City Council in 2012 passed a resolution to preserve the trails, but nothing was ever followed up. Land developers continue to bulldoze everything without any regard for cultural history and State law protecting these very important native Hawaiian trails.

Despite Hawaii State Law, Ancient Historic Ewa Plain Trails Being Destroyed By HART Rail Land Developers

http://honouliuli.blogspot.com/2014/12/ancient-historic-ewa-plain-trails.html

Above, the UH West Oahu campus with Ewa Plantation field numbers for reference.

The western trail ran from the village of Honouliuli to Kahe Point. A mauka trail branched off to Palehua. Over time trail roads were somewhat straightened out for cane railway and cane trucks.

The 1825 Malden Trails as overlaid on a 1939 Ewa Plantation field map.

UH West Oahu campus in relation to Ewa Sugar Plantation with main road and rail routes

Ewa Plantation and villages as seen from Makakilo. On the right side is MCAS Ewa Field

The Ewa Plantation maintained their own railway. The original Ewa hospital 

location is believed to be where the 1825 Malden Trails branched off to the 

makai shoreline communities of  Kualaka'i and One'ula. 

Ewa Plantation with some modern developments around the remaining agriculture fields. 

Another view of the 1825 Malden Trails with still remaining Ewa Plantation sugar fields.

The overall view of the 1825 mapped native Hawaiian trails on the entire Ewa Plain.

Area circled in red is the HART Rail Area of Potential Effect (APE).

HART Rail And The State of Hawaii Should Preserve the Historic Trails of the Ewa Plain

The Governor of Hawaii, The Hawaii State Legislature, The Mayor of Honolulu and the Honolulu City Council should absolutely and unequivocally follow state law and preserve the ancient historic native Hawaiian trails of the Ewa Plain as originally identified in the British Royal Navy surveyed map of Oahu published in 1825. A City Council resolution passed in 2012 urged the same initiative.

http://honouliuli.blogspot.com/2014/12/hart-rail-and-state-of-hawaii-should.html

Honouliuli Ewa Plain Pueos

The Disappearing Sacred Guardians Of Native Lands On The Ewa Plain

http://honouliuli.blogspot.com/2014/12/honouliuli-ewa-plain-pueo.html

The HMS Blonde played an important role in early Hawaiian history, see link:

http://honouliuli.blogspot.com/2014/12/British-Royal-Navy-HMS-Blonde.html

Honolulu City Council RESOLUTION 12-172, CD1 (2012) passed unanimously:

URGING THE HAWAII COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY AND 

THE STATE OF HAWAII TO RECOGNIZE AND PRESERVE 

THE HISTORIC TRAILS OF THE EWA PLAINS.

http://kanehili.blogspot.com/2014/06/ewa-plains-1825-malden-trails-important.html

Remains of December 7, 1941 Japanese Crash Lie Beneath Ewa Beach Golf Course

Remains of December 7, 1941 Japanese Crash Lie Beneath Ewa Beach Golf Course

By Wyatt Olson

Stars and Stripes  December 4, 2014

http://www.stripes.com/news/remains-of-japanese-plane-crew-might-lie-on-hawaii-golf-course-1.317365

FORT SHAFTER, Hawaii — A local historian is convinced he’s located the site where a two-man Japanese dive-bomber crew crashed on the morning of Dec. 7, 1941, and was buried nearby: the tony grounds of Hoakalei Country Club Golf Course in Ewa Beach.

“The responsible thing to do is at least make an attempt to find these guys,” said John Bond, a semi-retired Ewa resident who has labored for years to bring recognition to the largely forgotten Marine Corps Air Station Ewa and its role in the 1941 battle. “If they can’t find them, then put up a marker saying this is a crash site and remember that so-and-so was killed here. I don’t understand why that would be a problem.”

But the golf course’s owner, Haseko Development, has been less than receptive to the idea of an active search for the grave on the property, which the company announced in October was being sold to a Japanese firm. Haseko Vice President Sharene Saito Tam said the company has done all it was required to do in identifying culturally and archaeologically significant artifacts on the property during development and has found no evidence of such a grave. Further, she said, Bond does not have documentation that pinpoints the gravesite’s exact location.

As to placing a marker on the grounds, she said: “From the company’s point of view, if there was evidence that showed that to be the case, of course it would be considered, but at this point there is nothing like that. But to ask any landowner to put a marker that indicates a grave where you don’t know a grave exists does not seem appropriate or respectful of the people they are trying to name there.”

Of the roughly 60 Japanese troops who were killed or lost during the Dec. 7 attack, many were buried in various cemeteries on Oahu but were repatriated after the war. About 30 Japanese remain missing from that day.

One notable memorial to a Japanese airman stands in Marine Corps Base Hawaii in Kaneohe Bay on Oahu. A bronze plaque marks the spot where Lt. Fusata Iita, commander of the 3rd Aircraft Group of the Japanese Imperial Navy, crashed his plane on a hillside near Kansas Tower that morning. Iita’s body was long ago returned to Japan.

The defense attache with the Japan consulate in Honolulu said the case of the two Ewa airmen is “a difficult situation” for Japan because the site is private property and the owner says there’s no evidence to back up Bond’s assertion.

During the past few years, Bond and a group of historians specializing in the 1941 attack have gathered extensive documentation and photos about the crash site, which had been lost to time and land development.

Even Tom Dye, the archaeologist contracted by Haseko to monitor its land development, admitted that Bond and his colleagues have “done an incredible amount of work” in tracking down photos and accounts of the crash.

“They’ve found much more than I think anybody could have expected about this crash event,” Dye said. “But there’s just nothing yet that gets us a location that we could narrow things down and really make a concerted effort to look for a burial.”

Comparing old photographs and military reports from the time of the attack, Bond said he has calculated the crash site lies within a 50-yard radius of the golf course’s club house.

A Dec. 9, 1941, report by Capt. Lester Milz, with the 251st Coastal Artillery, noted that the badly burned bodies of two Japanese crewmen had been found and his men disposed of the remains. Two days a later, an Army staff officer visited Milz’s battery and wrote in his diary that he’d been told the airmen’s bodies had been buried in a “coral grave.”

“I knew they buried them in a sinkhole because that’s what we have out here,” Bond said of Ewa Plain, which is an ancient limestone field. “You don’t dig easily in this ground. It’s like concrete.”

Bond contends that burying bodies beside crash sites was common in that era.

“If you had a crash and couldn’t extract the people out, you just buried them by the plane,” he said.

Dye said that even if the exact crash site is pinpointed, there’s no direct evidence indicating where the bodies were buried.

“You really just have to guess at that point,” Dye said. “Mr. Bond perhaps is comfortable with guessing, but you’re not supposed to guess. We really don’t have any credible evidence to lead us to a place where we could productively search for remains of the two airmen.”

Bond suggested that ground-penetrating sonar could be used to detect the grave.

“GPR has highly evolved in the last few years,” he said. “They’ve used it on archaeological sites to find tombs. It will detect these sinkholes. It’s also used in old cemeteries.”

Dye, however, said that limestone subsurface is “a nightmare scenario for ground-penetrating sonar.”

“The problem you have with ground-penetrating radar is there are just a huge number of false positives,” Dye said. “You’d have to dig every single one of them up to find out what they were. It’s not specific enough to tell you, oh, that’s bone versus that’s a rock or that’s a root.”

Bond has written a request to the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command, which is tasked with locating and retrieving the remains of U.S. servicemembers lost overseas, requesting that it take an active role in searching for the grave.

“Getting involved in another nation’s recovery event is not something we’d typically do unless it was in the course of one of our own investigations,” JPAC spokesman Lee Tucker said. The agency has in the past provided research assistance to the Japan Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare’s Social Welfare and War Victims Bureau, which oversees such recoveries.

Tucker said the Japanese government did not require JPAC’s assistance or approval in searching for remains in Hawaii.

But Takeshi Ogino, the defense attache at the Japan consulate in Honolulu, said Japan did not have a comparable agency such as JPAC to research and retrieve MIA remains in foreign countries. He said the consulate had not received an “official request” from either Bond or the Haseko group in regard to searching for the airmen’s grave or commemorating the crash site.

Haseko’s Tam said that if Bond produces “additional information and evidence that we can authenticate,” the company might consider further search.

But Bond contends that the time to actively search and recover the remains is now, as the 73rd anniversary of the attack nears.

“If a decent search was done they could be found,” he said.

National Archives Photo Taken Dec 7 From B-17-E By Army Photographer Lee Embree

A US Navy SBD was also shot down and crashed at this same location as the D3A Val 

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‘Cadaver dog’ work more accepted by cops, courts

http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/oct/21/cadaver-dog-work-more-accepted-by-cops-courts/?page=all

"Seeing is believing," says Mark Noah, the founder of History Flight, a nonprofit foundation whose mission includes finding the tens of thousands of fallen American veterans whose bodies were never recovered.

Buster and Dostie, working with a team of volunteers and paid staff members who also use ground-penetrating radar and historic records, have helped the organization unearth the remains of missing Americans lost in World War II battles in Europe and on the south Pacific island of Tarawa.

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WW II Japanese Air Crew Buried Under Ewa Beach Hawaii Golf Course

http://4ewanews.blogspot.com/2014/11/japanese-buried-air-crash.html

Tour of December 7, 1941 Ewa Field, US Navy SBD And Japanese Aichi Val Crash Sites

by John Bond, Ewa Battlefield historian

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MORE LINKS HERE:

One'ula Beach: The Ewa Location Of Historic December 7, 1941 Air Photos By Lee Embree From Army Boeing B-17 

http://ewabattlefield.blogspot.com/2013/12/Lee-Embree-B17-Ewa-Beach.html

Ewa Corridor- Most Important, Least Documented Aspect of Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor Attack

http://ewabattlefield.blogspot.com/2013/09/EwaPlainsCorridor.html

Draft Ewa Plains Battlefield Nomination And Photo Archive Available

http://ewabattlefield.blogspot.com/2014/08/Ewa-Battlefield-Nomination.html